Kilkenny consists of low hills and plains watered by the Barrow, Nore, and Suir rivers.

Grains, vegetables, and livestock are raised, anthracite coal is mined, and brewing is a well-established industry.

The county has numerous ancient sites including Iron Age fortifications, inscribed stones and crosses, castles, and abbeys.

It became a part of Leinster province in 1210.